Calibrating STM32 ADC (VREFINT)

Question

I'm trying to read VDDA on an STM32F042 microcontroller. I'm getting unexpected results with VDD at 3.29V. I must be missing something fundamental.

output:

VREFINT=1917; VREFINT_CAL=1524; VDDA=2623 mV
VREFINT=1885; VREFINT_CAL=1524; VDDA=2668 mV
VREFINT=1913; VREFINT_CAL=1524; VDDA=2628 mV
VREFINT=1917; VREFINT_CAL=1524; VDDA=2623 mV
VREFINT=1917; VREFINT_CAL=1524; VDDA=2623 mV

adc_test.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include "stm32f0xx.h"

#define VREFINT_CAL_ADDR                0x1FFFF7BA  /* datasheet p. 19 */
#define VREFINT_CAL ((uint16_t*) VREFINT_CAL_ADDR)

extern void initialise_monitor_handles(void);

int main(void)
{
    RCC->APB2ENR |= RCC_APB2ENR_ADC1EN;     /* enable ADC peripheral clock */
    RCC->CR2 |= RCC_CR2_HSI14ON;            /* start ADC HSI */
    while (!(RCC->CR2 & RCC_CR2_HSI14RDY)); /* wait for completion */
    /* calibration */
    ADC1->CR |= ADC_CR_ADCAL;               /* start ADc CALibration */
    while (ADC1->CR & ADC_CR_ADCAL);        /* wait for completion */
    ADC1->CR |= ADC_CR_ADEN;                /* ADc ENable */
    while (!(ADC1->ISR & ADC_ISR_ADRDY));   /* wait for completion */
    ADC1->SMPR |= ADC_SMPR1_SMPR_0 |        /* sampling mode: longest */
      ADC_SMPR1_SMPR_1 |
      ADC_SMPR1_SMPR_2;
    /* VDD reference */
    ADC->CCR |= ADC_CCR_VREFEN;             /* VREF Enable */
    ADC1->CHSELR = ADC_CHSELR_CHSEL17;      /* CH17 = VREFINT */

    initialise_monitor_handles();           /* enable semihosting */

    while (1) {
        ADC1->CR |= ADC_CR_ADSTART;             /* start ADC conversion */
        while (!(ADC1->ISR & ADC_ISR_EOC));     /* wait for completion */
        uint32_t vdda = 3300UL * *VREFINT_CAL / ADC1->DR; /* ref. manual p. 252; constant and result in millivolts */
        printf("VREFINT=%lu; VREFINT_CAL=%lu; VDDA=%lu mV\n",
                (unsigned long)ADC1->DR,
                (unsigned long)*VREFINT_CAL,
                (unsigned long)vdda);
    }
}

Screenshot from Datasheet:

Screenshot from Reference Manual

note this refers to .3V, but I believe this to be a typo, as the datasheet above and the longer formula below refer to 3.3V, and .3V is below minimum operating voltage for this part

Answer 1

I'm currently developing an ADC driver for STM32L4. During implementation I encounter almost the same problem. In my opinion the first formula

is not calculating the VDDA, but VREF+. It's the voltage against which the ADC is evaluating the ADC-IN channels. Further the VREFINT_DATA is not measured VREF+ voltage, but an internal reference voltage which is controller dependent. In my case it defined in controller datasheet:

Here's a pic how I am using the posted formulas:

Some comments: ln 102: calculating VREF+ not VDDA

ln 105-110: calculate all ranks/configured sequence

ln 108: calculate voltage measured by ADCpin_x

ln 109: multiply by gain to get real value

In my opinion by calculating the VREF+ for each conversion sequence, I'll get better results, because so some ripples on VREF+ are compensated.