In Timber is this function
{{post}}
where you get things like
{{post.post_title}}
but there are other functions in WordPress like
get_the_permalink();
which are not accessible from post.get_the_permalink or post.get_permalink
these are the variables i can access
As this Timber documentation describes there are actions [Timber Doc] but you would have to define each function in the functions.php file ... which means i would have to create each already existing function from php and "redirect" it to the wordpress function. Then bind it to Twig.
Also there was a way as you can see here which is now deprecated
You can call any function by using for example
{{ function('get_permalink', post.ID) }}
more infos: https://timber.github.io/docs/guides/functions/