How do you produce a .d.ts "typings" definition file from an existing JavaScript library?
I'm using a lot of libraries both my own and 3rd party. I see the "typings" directory contains some for Jquery and WinRT... but how are they created?
Answer
There are a few options available for you depending on the library in question, how it's written, and what level of accuracy you're looking for. Let's review the options, in roughly descending order of desirability.
Maybe It Exists Already
Always check DefinitelyTyped (https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped) first. This is a community repo full of literally thousands of .d.ts files and it's very likely the thing you're using is already there. You should also check TypeSearch (https://microsoft.github.io/TypeSearch/) which is a search engine for NPM-published .d.ts files; this will have slightly more definitions than DefinitelyTyped. A few modules are also shipping their own definitions as part of their NPM distribution, so also see if that's the case before trying to write your own.
Maybe You Don't Need One
TypeScript now supports the --allowJs flag and will make more JS-based inferences in .js files. You can try including the .js file in your compilation along with the --allowJs setting to see if this gives you good enough type information. TypeScript will recognize things like ES5-style classes and JSDoc comments in these files, but may get tripped up if the library initializes itself in a weird way.
Get Started With --allowJs
If --allowJs gave you decent results and you want to write a better definition file yourself, you can combine --allowJs with --declaration to see TypeScript's "best guess" at the types of the library. This will give you a decent starting point, and may be as good as a hand-authored file if the JSDoc comments are well-written and the compiler was able to find them.
Get Started with dts-gen
If --allowJs didn't work, you might want to use dts-gen (https://github.com/Microsoft/dts-gen) to get a starting point. This tool uses the runtime shape of the object to accurately enumerate all available properties. On the plus side this tends to be very accurate, but the tool does not yet support scraping the JSDoc comments to populate additional types. You run this like so:
npm install -g dts-gen
dts-gen -m <your-module>
This will generate your-module.d.ts in the current folder.
Hit the Snooze Button
If you just want to do it all later and go without types for a while, in TypeScript 2.0 you can now write
declare module "foo";
which will let you import the "foo" module with type any. If you have a global you want to deal with later, just write
declare const foo: any;
which will give you a foo variable.