This
STR="Hello\nWorld"
echo $STR
produces as output
Hello\nWorld
instead of
Hello
World
What should I do to have a newline in a string?
Note: This question is not about echo.
I'm aware of echo -e
, but I'm looking for a solution that allows passing a string (which includes a newline) as an argument to other commands that do not have a similar option to interpret \n
's as newlines.
If you're using Bash, the solution is to use $'string'
, for example:
$ STR=$'Hello\nWorld'
$ echo "$STR" # quotes are required here!
Hello
World
If you're using pretty much any other shell, just insert the newline as-is in the string:
$ STR='Hello
> World'
Bash is pretty nice. It accepts more than just \n
in the $''
string. Here is an excerpt from the Bash manual page:
Words of the form $'string' are treated specially. The word expands to
string, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
as follows:
\a alert (bell)
\b backspace
\e
\E an escape character
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\\ backslash
\' single quote
\" double quote
\nnn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
nnn (one to three digits)
\xHH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value HH (one or two hex digits)
\cx a control-x character
The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
been present.
A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($"string") will cause
the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
current locale is C or POSIX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.