At the Spark 2.1 docs it's mentioned that
Spark runs on Java 7+, Python 2.6+/3.4+ and R 3.1+. For the Scala API, Spark 2.1.0 uses Scala 2.11. You will need to use a compatible Scala version (2.11.x).
at the Scala 2.12 release news it's also mentioned that:
Although Scala 2.11 and 2.12 are mostly source compatible to facilitate cross-building, they are not binary compatible. This allows us to keep improving the Scala compiler and standard library.
But when I build an uber jar (using Scala 2.12) and run it on Spark 2.1. every thing work just fine.
and I know its not any official source but at the 47 degree blog they mentioned that Spark 2.1 does support Scala 2.12.
How can one explain those (conflicts?) pieces of information ?
Spark does not support Scala 2.12. You can follow SPARK-14220 (Build and test Spark against Scala 2.12) to get up to date status.
update: Spark 2.4 added an experimental Scala 2.12 support.