Difference between glmnet() and cv.glmnet() in R?

Question

I'm working on a project that would show the potential influence a group of events have on an outcome. I'm using the glmnet() package, specifically using the Poisson feature. Here's my code:

# de <- data imported from sql connection        
x <- model.matrix(~.,data = de[,2:7])
y <- (de[,1])
reg <- cv.glmnet(x,y, family = "poisson", alpha = 1)
reg1 <- glmnet(x,y, family = "poisson", alpha = 1)

**Co <- coef(?reg or reg1?,s=???)**

summ <- summary(Co)
c <- data.frame(Name= rownames(Co)[summ$i],
       Lambda= summ$x)
c2 <- c[with(c, order(-Lambda)), ]

The beginning imports a large amount of data from my database in SQL. I then put it in matrix format and separate the response from the predictors.

This is where I'm confused: I can't figure out exactly what the difference is between the glmnet() function and the cv.glmnet() function. I realize that the cv.glmnet() function is a k-fold cross-validation of glmnet(), but what exactly does that mean in practical terms? They provide the same value for lambda, but I want to make sure I'm not missing something important about the difference between the two.

I'm also unclear as to why it runs fine when I specify alpha=1 (supposedly the default), but not if I leave it out?

Thanks in advance!

Answer 1

glmnet() is a R package which can be used to fit Regression models,lasso model and others. Alpha argument determines what type of model is fit. When alpha=0, Ridge Model is fit and if alpha=1, a lasso model is fit.

cv.glmnet() performs cross-validation, by default 10-fold which can be adjusted using nfolds. A 10-fold CV will randomly divide your observations into 10 non-overlapping groups/folds of approx equal size. The first fold will be used for validation set and the model is fit on 9 folds. Bias Variance advantages is usually the motivation behind using such model validation methods. In the case of lasso and ridge models, CV helps choose the value of the tuning parameter lambda.

In your example, you can do plot(reg) OR reg$lambda.min to see the value of lambda which results in the smallest CV error. You can then derive the Test MSE for that value of lambda. By default, glmnet() will perform Ridge or Lasso regression for an automatically selected range of lambda which may not give the lowest test MSE. Hope this helps!

Hope this helps!