Does anyone know of an open-source equivalent to Amazon SNS? Maybe something that supports a similar pub-sub interface but that can be run on a closed or private network.
Presumably you are looking for a ready to install packaged solution? There is none I know of, however, in case you are comfortable with assembling some readily available components with a modest amount of custom code, you could build yourself a dedicated solution by means of the extremely versatile Apache Camel framework, which is a powerful open source integration framework based on known Enterprise Integration Patterns.
It includes an ever growing list of components out of the box to interface with existing tools/protocols/APIs/etc., e.g. for cloning the Amazon SNS functionality:
Assembling the components is remarkably simple indeed, and there are lots of Examples available, see for example the walkthroughs for configuration via Spring DSL (XML based) or via Java code
Granted, assembling a decently performing and scaling system like so will still require a fair amount of knowledge, but Apache Camel at least removes the burden regarding many of the involved tasks already.