How to use @Nullable and @Nonnull annotations more effectively?

Question

I can see that @Nullable and @Nonnull annotations could be helpful in preventing NullPointerExceptions but they do not propagate very far.

• The effectiveness of these annotations drop off completely after one level of indirection, so if you only add a few they don't propagate very far.
• Since these annotations are not well enforced there is a danger of assuming a value marked with @Nonnull is not null and consequently not performing null checks.

The code below causes a parameter marked with @Nonnull to be null without raising any complaints. It throws a NullPointerException when it is run.

public class Clazz {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Clazz clazz = new Clazz();

        // this line raises a complaint with the IDE (IntelliJ 11)
        clazz.directPathToA(null);

        // this line does not
        clazz.indirectPathToA(null); 
    }

    public void indirectPathToA(Integer y){
        directPathToA(y);
    }

    public void directPathToA(@Nonnull Integer x){
        x.toString(); // do stuff to x        
    }
}

Is there a way to make these annotations more strictly enforced and/or propagate further?

Answer 1

Short answer: I guess these annotations are only useful for your IDE to warn you of potentially null pointer errors.

As said in the "Clean Code" book, you should check your public method's parameters and also avoid checking invariants.

Another good tip is never returning null values, but using Null Object Pattern instead.