Difference in performance between map and unordered_map in c++

Question

I have a simple requirement, i need a map of type . however i need fastest theoretically possible retrieval time.

i used both map and the new proposed unordered_map from tr1 i found that at least while parsing a file and creating the map, by inserting an element at at time.

map took only 2 minutes while unordered_map took 5 mins.

As i it is going to be part of a code to be executed on Hadoop cluster and will contain ~100 million entries, i need smallest possible retrieval time.

Also another helpful information: currently the data (keys) which is being inserted is range of integers from 1,2,... to ~10 million.

I can also impose user to specify max value and to use order as above, will that significantly effect my implementation? (i heard map is based on rb trees and inserting in increasing order leads to better performance (or worst?) )

here is the code

map<int,int> Label // this is being changed to unordered_map  
fstream LabelFile("Labels.txt");  


// Creating the map from the Label.txt  
if (LabelFile.is_open())  
{  
    while (! LabelFile.eof() )  
    {             
        getline (LabelFile,inputLine);  
        try  
        {  
            curnode=inputLine.substr(0,inputLine.find_first_of("\t"));  
            nodelabel=inputLine.substr(inputLine.find_first_of("\t")+1,inputLine.size()-1);  
            Label[atoi(curnode.c_str())]=atoi(nodelabel.c_str());  
        }  
        catch(char* strerr)  
        {  
            failed=true;  
            break;  
        }  
    }  
    LabelFile.close(); 
}

Tentative Solution: After review of comments and answers, i believe a Dynamic C++ array would be the best option, since the implementation will use dense keys. Thanks

Answer 1

Insertion for unordered_map should be O(1) and retrieval should be roughly O(1), (its essentially a hash-table).

Your timings as a result are way OFF, or there is something WRONG with your implementation or usage of unordered_map.

You need to provide some more information, and possibly how you are using the container.

As per section 6.3 of n1836 the complexities for insertion/retreival are given:

• http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2005/n1836.pdf

One issue you should consider is that your implementation may need to continually be rehashing the structure, as you say you have 100mil+ items. In that case when instantiating the container, if you have a rough idea about how many "unique" elements will be inserted into the container, you can pass that in as a parameter to the constructor and the container will be instantiated accordingly with a bucket-table of appropriate size.