I heard a few people recommending to use enum classes in C++ because of their type safety.
But what does that really mean?
C++ has two kinds of enum
:
enum class
esenum
sHere are a couple of examples on how to declare them:
enum class Color { red, green, blue }; // enum class
enum Animal { dog, cat, bird, human }; // plain enum
What is the difference between the two?
enum class
es - enumerator names are local to the enum and their values do not implicitly convert to other types (like another enum
or int
)
Plain enum
s - where enumerator names are in the same scope as the enum and their
values implicitly convert to integers and other types
Example:
enum Color { red, green, blue }; // plain enum
enum Card { red_card, green_card, yellow_card }; // another plain enum
enum class Animal { dog, deer, cat, bird, human }; // enum class
enum class Mammal { kangaroo, deer, human }; // another enum class
void fun() {
// examples of bad use of plain enums:
Color color = Color::red;
Card card = Card::green_card;
int num = color; // no problem
if (color == Card::red_card) // no problem (bad)
cout << "bad" << endl;
if (card == Color::green) // no problem (bad)
cout << "bad" << endl;
// examples of good use of enum classes (safe)
Animal a = Animal::deer;
Mammal m = Mammal::deer;
int num2 = a; // error
if (m == a) // error (good)
cout << "bad" << endl;
if (a == Mammal::deer) // error (good)
cout << "bad" << endl;
}
enum class
es should be preferred because they cause fewer surprises that could potentially lead to bugs.