I saw that on iPhone there is a truetype font called Apple Color Emoji. It contains the emoticons that exist on iPhones which can be used in any application.
I wonder:
Apple is using a proprietary extension to the OpenType standard. Basically, they just store pre-rasterized color PNGs in a proprietary extension "block" within the TTF file (reference, corroboration).
The only reason this works is because they also provide the full stack between that font extension and the screen (font rasterization, system graphics library, text rendering widgets). There's no standardized way to accomplish this across all platforms/libraries.