It is possible to open a word document from the command line using this:
rundll32 url.dll,FileProtocolHandler path.to.word.document.doc
Unfortunately, that document needs an external data source, so the path of that data source has to be set manually once it is opened.
Is there a more convenient way to provide an additional parameter to point to the data source?
You can open a word document using
winword.exe <filepath>
To use winword in command prompt you need to set your path variable like this
set path=%path%;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office14