The VMM traps privileged instructions and they are translated using binary translation, but actually into what are these special instructions translated into?
Thanks
Answer
Binary translation is a system virtualization technique.
The sensitive instructions in the binary of Guest OS are replaced by either Hypervisor calls which safely handle such sensitive instructions or by some undefined opcodes which result in a CPU trap. Such a CPU trap is handled by the Hypervisor.
On most modern CPUs, context sensitive instructions are Non-Virtualizable. Binary translation is a technique to overcome this limitation.
For example, if the Guest had wanted to modify/read the CPUs Processor Status Word containing important flags/control bitfields, the Host program would scan the guest binary for such instructions and replace them with either a call to hypervisor or some dummy opcode.
Para-Virtualization on the other hand is a technique where the source code of the guest os is modified. All system resource access related code is modified with Hypervisor APIs.