I'm using SSMS 2017 and want to make my font larger in the query window. When I go to Tools > Options > Environment > Fonts and Colors > and then change the size of my font and press Ok, nothing changes. The size doesn't get affected in the open query window nor in a new query window.
Your issue may be related to an early release. I am using SSMS 17.4 and following your patch causes the query window font to change as soon as click 'ok' the changes persist in a new query window and when I close and re-open SSMS.