Storing item positions (for ordering) in a database efficiently

Question

Scenario:

There is a database of movies a user owns, movies are displayed on a page called "my-movies", the movies can be displayed in the order that the user desires. For example "Fight Club" in position #1, "Drive" in position #3 and so on and so forth.

The obvious solution is to store a position with each item, for example:

movieid, userid, position
1 | 1 | 1
2 | 1 | 2
3 | 1 | 3

Then when outputting the data is ordered by the position. This method works fine for output however it has a problem when updating: the position of an item all the other positions need to be updated because positions are relative. If movie #3 is now in position number 2 then movie #3 now needs to be updated to position #2. If the database contains 10,000 movies and a movie is moved from position #1 to position #9999 that's almost 10,000 rows to be updated!

My only solution is to store positioning separately, instead of having an individual field for each items position it's just one big data dump of positions that are taken in run time and associated with each item (json, xml, whatever) but that feels... inefficient because the database can't be left to do the sorting.

My summarised question: What's the most efficient way of storing items positions in a list that is friendly to fetching and updating?

Answer 1

If you use a combination of the position and a timestamp that the user put a movie in a given position rather than trying to maintain the actual position, then you can achieve a fairly simple means of both SELECTing and UPDATEing the data. For example; a base set of data:

create table usermovies (userid int, movieid int, position int, positionsetdatetime datetime)

insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (123, 99, 1, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (123, 98, 2, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (123, 97, 3, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (123, 96, 4, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (123, 95, 5, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (123, 94, 6, getutcdate())

insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (987, 99, 1, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (987, 98, 2, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (987, 97, 3, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (987, 96, 4, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (987, 95, 5, getutcdate())
insert into usermovies (userid, movieid, position, positionsetdatetime)
values (987, 94, 6, getutcdate())

If you query the user's movies using a query like this:

;with usermovieswithrank as (
  select userid
  , movieid 
  , dense_rank() over (partition by userid order by position asc, positionsetdatetime desc) as movierank
  from usermovies
)
select * from usermovieswithrank where userid=123 order by userid, movierank asc

Then you'll get the expected result:

USERID  MOVIEID     MOVIERANK
123     99          1
123     98          2
123     97          3
123     96          4
123     95          5
123     94          6

To move one of the rankings of the movies we need to update the position and the positionsetdatetime columns. For example, if userid 123 moves movie 95 from rank 5 to rank 2 then we do this:

update usermovies set position=2, positionsetdatetime=getutcdate() 
where userid=123 and movieid=95 

Which results in this (using the SELECT query above following the update):

USERID  MOVIEID     MOVIERANK
123     99          1
123     95          2
123     98          3
123     97          4
123     96          5
123     94          6

Then if userid 123 moves movie 96 to rank 1:

update usermovies set position=1, positionsetdatetime=getutcdate()
where userid=123 and movieid=96 

We get:

USERID  MOVIEID     MOVIERANK
123     96          1
123     99          2
123     95          3
123     98          4
123     97          5
123     94          6

Of course you'll end up with duplicate position column values within the usermovies table, but with this method you'll never show that column, you simply use it along with positionsetdatetime to determine a sorted rank for each user and the rank you determine is the real position.

If at some point you want the position column to properly reflect the movie rankings without reference to the positionsetdatetime you can use the movierank from the select query above to update the usermovies position column value, as it wouldn't actually affect the determined movie rankings.