How to use regex OR in grep in Cygwin?

Question

I need to return results for two different matches from a single file.

grep "string1" my.file

correctly returns the single instance of string1 in my.file

grep "string2" my.file

correctly returns the single instance of string2 in my.file

but

grep "string1|string2" my.file

returns nothing

in regex test apps that syntax is correct, so why does it not work for grep in cygwin ?

Answer 1

Using the | character without escaping it in a basic regular expression will only match the | literal. For instance, if you have a file with contents

string1
string2
string1|string2

Using grep "string1|string2" my.file will only match the last line

$ grep "string1|string2" my.file
string1|string2

In order to use the alternation operator |, you could:

1. Use a basic regular expression (just grep) and escape the | character in the regular expression

   grep "string1\|string2" my.file

2. Use an extended regular expression with egrep or grep -E, as Julian already pointed out in his answer

   grep -E "string1|string2" my.file

3. If it is two different patterns that you want to match, you could also specify them separately in -e options:

   grep -e "string1" -e "string2" my.file

You might find the following sections of the grep reference useful:

• Basic vs Extended Regular Expressions
• Matching Control, where it explains -e