What does the "at" (@) symbol do in Python?

Question

I'm looking at some Python code which used the @ symbol, but I have no idea what it does. I also do not know what to search for as searching Python docs or Google does not return relevant results when the @ symbol is included.

Answer 1

Example

class Pizza(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.toppings = []

    def __call__(self, topping):
        # When using '@instance_of_pizza' before a function definition
        # the function gets passed onto 'topping'.
        self.toppings.append(topping())

    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self.toppings)

pizza = Pizza()

@pizza
def cheese():
    return 'cheese'
@pizza
def sauce():
    return 'sauce'

print pizza
# ['cheese', 'sauce']

This shows that the function/method/class you're defining after a decorator is just basically passed on as an argument to the function/method immediately after the @ sign.

First sighting

The microframework Flask introduces decorators from the very beginning in the following format:

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

This in turn translates to:

rule      = "/"
view_func = hello
# They go as arguments here in 'flask/app.py'
def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
    pass

Realizing this finally allowed me to feel at peace with Flask.