In numpy.sum() there is parameter called "keepdims". What does it do?

Question

In numpy.sum() there is parameter called keepdims. What does it do?

As you can see here in the documentation: http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.sum.html

numpy.sum(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False)[source]
Sum of array elements over a given axis.

Parameters: 
...
keepdims : bool, optional
    If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in the result as
    dimensions with size one. With this option, the result will broadcast
    correctly against the input array.
...

Answer 1

@Ney @hpaulj is correct, you need to experiment, but I suspect you don't realize that summation for some arrays can occur along axes. Observe the following which reading the documentation

>>> a
array([[0, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 0],
       [0, 2, 0],
       [1, 0, 0],
       [1, 1, 0]])
>>> np.sum(a, keepdims=True)
array([[6]])
>>> np.sum(a, keepdims=False)
6
>>> np.sum(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)
array([[0],
       [1],
       [2],
       [1],
       [2]])
>>> np.sum(a, axis=1, keepdims=False)
array([0, 1, 2, 1, 2])
>>> np.sum(a, axis=0, keepdims=True)
array([[2, 4, 0]])
>>> np.sum(a, axis=0, keepdims=False)
array([2, 4, 0])

You will notice that if you don't specify an axis (1st two examples), the numerical result is the same, but the keepdims = True returned a 2D array with the number 6, whereas, the second incarnation returned a scalar. Similarly, when summing along axis 1 (across rows), a 2D array is returned again when keepdims = True. The last example, along axis 0 (down columns), shows a similar characteristic... dimensions are kept when keepdims = True.
Studying axes and their properties is critical to a full understanding of the power of NumPy when dealing with multidimensional data.