Convert a 64 bit integer into 8 separate 1 byte integers in python

Question

In python, I have been given a 64 bit integer. This Integer was created by taking several different 8 bit integers and mashing them together into one giant 64 bit integer. It is my job to separate them again.

For example:

Source number: 2592701575664680400
Binary (64 bits): 0010001111111011001000000101100010101010000101101011111000000000
int 1: 00100011 (35)
int 2: 11111011 (251)
int 3: 00100000 (32)
int 4: 01011000 (88)
int 5: 10101010 (170)
int 6: 00010110 (22)
int 7: 10111110 (190)
int 8: 00000000 (0)

So what I would like to do is take my source number 2592701575664680373 and return an array of length 8, where each int in the array are the ints listed above.

I was going to use struct, but to be perfectly honest, reading the documentation hasn't made it quite clear exactly how I would accomplish that.

Answer 1

Solution

Solution without converting the number to a string:

x = 0b0010001111111011001000000101100010101010000101101011111000000000

numbers = list((x >> i) & 0xFF for i in range(0,64,8))
print(numbers)                    # [0, 190, 22, 170, 88, 32, 251, 35]
print(list(reversed(numbers)))    # [35, 251, 32, 88, 170, 22, 190, 0]

Explanation

Here I used list comprehensions, making a loop in increments of 8 over i. So i takes the values 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56. Every time, the bitshift operator >> temporarily shifts the number x down by i bits. This is equivalent to dividing by 256^i.

So the resulting number is:

i = 0:   0010001111111011001000000101100010101010000101101011111000000000
i = 8:           00100011111110110010000001011000101010100001011010111110
i = 16:                  001000111111101100100000010110001010101000010110
i = 24:                          0010001111111011001000000101100010101010
i = 32:                                  00100011111110110010000001011000
i = 40:                                          001000111111101100100000
i = 48:                                                  0010001111111011
i = 56:                                                          00100011

By usig & 0xFF, I select the last 8 bits of this number. Example:

x >> 48:           001000111111101100100000
0xff:                              11111111
(x >> 48) & 0xff:  000000000000000000100000

Since the leading zeros do not matter, you have the desired number.

The result is converted to a list and printed in normal and reversed order (like OP wanted it).

Performance

I compared the timing of this result to the other solutions proposed in this thread:

In: timeit list(reversed([(x >> i) & 0xFF for i in range(0,64,8)]))
100000 loops, best of 3: 13.9 µs per loop

In: timeit [(x >> (i * 8)) & 0xFF for i in range(7, -1, -1)]
100000 loops, best of 3: 11.1 µs per loop

In: timeit [(x >> i) & 0xFF for i in range(63,-1,-8)]
100000 loops, best of 3: 10.2 µs per loop

In: timeit reversed(struct.unpack('8B', struct.pack('Q', x)))
100000 loops, best of 3: 3.22 µs per loop

In: timeit reversed(struct.pack('Q', x))
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.07 µs per loop

Result: my solution is not the fastest! Currently, using struct directly (as proposed by Mark Ransom) seems to be the fastest snippet.