Ideally, I'd like a module or library that doesn't require superuser access to install; I have limited privileges in my working environment.
I've been working on a library called Pyth, which can do this:
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyth/
Converting an RTF file to plaintext looks something like this:
from pyth.plugins.rtf15.reader import Rtf15Reader
from pyth.plugins.plaintext.writer import PlaintextWriter
doc = Rtf15Reader.read(open('sample.rtf'))
print PlaintextWriter.write(doc).getvalue()
Pyth can also generate RTF files, read and write XHTML, generate documents from Python markup a la Nevow's stan, and has limited experimental support for latex and pdf output. Its RTF support is pretty robust -- we use it in production to read RTF files generated by various versions of Word, OpenOffice, Mac TextEdit, EIOffice, and others.