Environment: Linux Mint 17 Cinnamon.
This error is displayed:
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
when attempting the following in a virtualenv
:
pip install lxml
pip install pillow
pip install pycrypto
pip install pymongo (fails but still shows in pip freeze)
There are several solutions here that recommend installing python2.7-dev
:
Installing lxml in virtualenv via pip install error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed
Pillow installation error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
I am confused by this recommendation however because it is my understanding that using something like:
sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev
would add this to the main *system* instance of Python, rather that the one in virtualenv
. (see - https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/56392/92486)
Can I add python2.7-dev
just to the virtualenv
version of Python?
Most of the time these are dependency-issues.
Following the stack-trace of the gcc compiler one can see the missing files. Sometimes installing the Python development packages is not enough.
For example:
I tried to do pip install requests[security]
in my virtualenv foo. This is the result that the pip-installer gave me.
Failed building wheel for cryptography
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cffi
Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/99/e7/9a/68b1c8ca6f6f92b5feebd4d9434f50712b84f6a66d1285ea21
Successfully built cffi
Failed to build cryptography
Installing collected packages: cffi, cryptography, pyOpenSSL, ndg-httpsclient, requests
Running setup.py install for cryptography
Complete output from command /opt/foo/django-cms-virtualenv/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-eZaLAG/cryptography/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-BwgYTp-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /opt/foo/django-cms-virtualenv/include/site/python2.7/cryptography:
running install
running build
running build_py
running egg_info
writing requirements to src/cryptography.egg-info/requires.txt
writing src/cryptography.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to src/cryptography.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to src/cryptography.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to src/cryptography.egg-info/entry_points.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found
reading manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'vectors'
writing manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
building '_Cryptography_cffi_a269d620xd5c405b7' extension
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_a269d620xd5c405b7.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_a269d620xd5c405b7.o
src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_a269d620xd5c405b7.c:217:25: fatal error: openssl/aes.h: Datei oder Verzeichnis nicht gefunden
#include <openssl/aes.h>
^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
The important part is the: #include <openssl/aes.h>
The compiler makes pretty clear that it is demanding this file - but it is not there in the filesystem.
Knowing that, the only thing left to do is: install the needed libraries!
Install the needed packages using your distributions package management tool: e.g. for Ubuntu:
aptitude install libssl-dev
Retry with pip in your virtualenv:
pip install requests[security]