I've found the code but not where to put it on my Facebook page.. not my website. Everyone keeps referencing dropping it in a code block, but I haven't been able to find an example of how to do this.
There's already a Like button on Facebook Pages if the user viewing the page doesn't already like the page. If you want to add a like button on your Page for another entity (such as a website, article, or a different Page) you'll need to install a tab to your page where you can put HTML content.
There are several third party applications that allow you to do this, one of the popular ones is http://www.facebook.com/apps/application.php?id=190322544333196 - you could add a new tab to your page with some static content (images, etc) and include the Like button on that tab.
There is no way to embed a like button for an external entity into a post on the page's wall, which i suspect is what you're currently trying to do.