Just out of curiosity, a few days ago we had a discussion about whether there is a way to connect to the DB without using TNS Listener, the connection must be made by any program SQLPlus. Net, ODBC, and so on.
Basically only local connections can avoid the listener (ie you have to be already logged on to the machine that the database instance is running on).
Rather than relying on a listener to fork out a process to act on behalf of the connection, this is done by the local process. Generally it means that the local user needs to be run as 'oracle' as well. Sort of equivalent to a console logic.