OpenSSL as a CA without touching the certs/crl/index/etc environment

Question

I think I have the right OpenSSL command to sign a certificate but I've gotten stuck and the tutorials I've found use a different argument format (I'm using OpenSSL 0.9.8o 01 Jun 2010).

openssl ca -cert cert.pem -keyfile key.pem

(Private key is not encryped and CSR is on stdin.)

It gives this error

Using configuration from /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf
./demoCA/index.txt: No such file or directory
unable to open './demoCA/index.txt'

Looking at that configuration file:

[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default    # The default ca section

[ CA_default ]
dir      = ./demoCA        # Where everything is kept
certs    = $dir/certs      # Where the issued certs are kepp
crl_dir  = $dir/crl        # Where the issued crl are kept
database = $dir/index.txt  # database index file.

I don't have any of this set up. I don't want to set any of this up.

Is it strictly nessecary, or is there a "don't bother" option?

I tried creating empty directories and files but I've got in a tangle. What I really want is for a command like the above to work, with the output on stdout, without touching anything on the filesystem.

Answer 1

I don't know of any "don't bother" options, but here is how you can setup a quick demo CA:

#!/bin/bash
CAROOT=/path/to/ca
mkdir -p ${CAROOT}/ca.db.certs   # Signed certificates storage
touch ${CAROOT}/ca.db.index      # Index of signed certificates
echo 01 > ${CAROOT}/ca.db.serial # Next (sequential) serial number

# Configuration
cat>${CAROOT}/ca.conf<<'EOF'
[ ca ]
default_ca = ca_default

[ ca_default ]
dir = REPLACE_LATER
certs = $dir
new_certs_dir = $dir/ca.db.certs
database = $dir/ca.db.index
serial = $dir/ca.db.serial
RANDFILE = $dir/ca.db.rand
certificate = $dir/ca.crt
private_key = $dir/ca.key
default_days = 365
default_crl_days = 30
default_md = md5
preserve = no
policy = generic_policy
[ generic_policy ]
countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
EOF

sed -i "s|REPLACE_LATER|${CAROOT}|" ${CAROOT}/ca.conf

cd ${CAROOT}

# Generate CA private key
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024

# Create Certificate Signing Request
openssl req -new -key ca.key  \
                 -out ca.csr       

# Create self-signed certificate
openssl x509 -req -days 10000 \
              -in ca.csr      \
              -out ca.crt     \
              -signkey ca.key

Now you can generate and sign keys:

# Create private/public key pair
openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024

# Create Certificate Signing Request
openssl req -new -key server.key \
                 -out server.csr

# Sign key
openssl ca -config ${CAROOT}/ca.conf   \
           -in server.csr              \
           -cert ${CAROOT}/ca.crt      \
           -keyfile ${CAROOT}/ca.key   \
           -out server.crt