When using MyISAM the configuration setting key_buffer_size
defines the size of the global buffer where MySQL caches frequently used blocks of index data.
What is the corresponding setting for InnoDB?
innodb_buffer_pool_size
is the setting that controls the size of the memory buffer that InnoDB uses to cache indexes and data. It's an important performance option.
See the manual page for the full explanation. The MySQL Performance Blog also has an article about how to choose a proper size for it.