I wonder if the message sent order is preserved. That is, when a publisher sends a sequence of messages, is each subscriber guaranteed to receive the same sequence as the publisher had sent it? For both clean and persistent sessions?
Answer
A summary of the message ordering capabilities in MQTT 3.1.1 can be found in the specification itself here.
In summary:
- no guarantees are made about the relative ordering of messages published with different QoS values. (for example, QoS 0 can over take QoS 2 for example as it involves a single packet rather than the 4 packets of the latter).
- QoS 0 messages will be delivered in order (albeit messages may get lost)
- QoS 2 messages will be delivered in order
- QoS 1 allows for message duplicates - it is possible a duplicate will arrive after the first instance of the next message that was published.
QoS 1 ordering can be guaranteed if the client/broker only allow a single message inflight at any time.