How to stop insertion of Duplicate documents in a mongodb collection

Question

Let us have a MongoDB collection which has three docs..

db.collection.find()

 { _id:'...', user: 'A', title: 'Physics',   Bank: 'Bank_A' }
 { _id:'...', user: 'A', title: 'Chemistry', Bank: 'Bank_B' }
 { _id:'...', user: 'B', title: 'Chemistry', Bank: 'Bank_A' }

We have a doc,

 doc = { user: 'B', title: 'Chemistry', Bank:'Bank_A' }

If we use

 db.collection.insert(doc) 

here, this duplicate doc will get inserted in database.

 { _id:'...', user: 'A', title: 'Physics',   Bank: 'Bank_A' }
 { _id:'...', user: 'A', title: 'Chemistry', Bank: 'Bank_B' }
 { _id:'...', user: 'B', title: 'Chemistry', Bank: 'Bank_A' }
 { _id:'...', user: 'B', title: 'Chemistry', Bank: 'Bank_A' }

How this duplicate can be stopped. On which field should indexing be done or any other approach?

Answer 1

Don't use insert.

Use update with upsert=true. Update will look for the document that matches your query, then it will modify the fields you want and then, you can tell it upsert:True if you want to insert if no document matches your query.

db.collection.update(
   <query>,
   <update>,
  {
    upsert: <boolean>,
     multi: <boolean>,
    writeConcern: <document>
   }
  )

So, for your example, you could use something like this:

db.collection.update(doc, doc, {upsert:true})