MongoDB - Update objects in a document's array (nested updating)

Question

Assume we have the following collection, which I have few questions about:

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("4faaba123412d654fe83hg876"),
    "user_id" : 123456,
    "total" : 100,
    "items" : [
            {
                    "item_name" : "my_item_one",
                    "price" : 20
            },
            {
                    "item_name" : "my_item_two",
                    "price" : 50
            },
            {
                    "item_name" : "my_item_three",
                    "price" : 30
            }
    ]
}

1 - I want to increase the price for "item_name":"my_item_two" and if it doesn't exists, it should be appended to the "items" array.

2 - How can I update two fields at the same time. For example, increase the price for "my_item_three" and at the same time increase the "total" (with the same value).

I prefer to do this on the MongoDB side, otherwise I have to load the document in client-side (Python) and construct the updated document and replace it with the existing one in MongoDB.

UPDATE This is what I have tried and works fine IF THE Object Exists :

db.test_invoice.update({user_id : 123456 , "items.item_name":"my_item_one"} , {$inc: {"items.$.price": 10}})

But if the key doesn't exist it does nothing. Also it only updates the nested object. There is no way with this command to update the "total" field as well.

Answer 1

For question #1, let's break it into two parts. First, increment any document that has "items.item_name" equal to "my_item_two". For this you'll have to use the positional "$" operator. Something like:

 db.bar.update( {user_id : 123456 , "items.item_name" : "my_item_two" } , 
                {$inc : {"items.$.price" : 1} } , 
                false , 
                true);

Note that this will only increment the first matched subdocument in any array (so if you have another document in the array with "item_name" equal to "my_item_two", it won't get incremented). But this might be what you want.

The second part is trickier. We can push a new item to an array without a "my_item_two" as follows:

 db.bar.update( {user_id : 123456, "items.item_name" : {$ne : "my_item_two" }} , 
                {$addToSet : {"items" : {'item_name' : "my_item_two" , 'price' : 1 }} } ,
                false , 
                true);

For your question #2, the answer is easier. To increment the total and the price of item_three in any document that contains "my_item_three," you can use the $inc operator on multiple fields at the same time. Something like:

db.bar.update( {"items.item_name" : {$ne : "my_item_three" }} ,
               {$inc : {total : 1 , "items.$.price" : 1}} ,
               false ,
               true);