I have nothing found here or on google.
Do you know any (good/successful/most sold/most downloaded) samples for mobile cross-platform apps? If so, on which frameworks (jQuery Mobile, Sensa, PhoneGap, etc.) are they built on?
I want to get some feeling for wether it is possible to create successful mobile cross-platform apps or not.
The success of your application doesn't depend on the platform or framework :))
First, you have to decide whether you want develop a game/social/finance app because games are usually implemented per-platform, but it isn't a rule since appMobi GameDev XDK can be used to create cross-platform games.
appMobi app gallery: http://www.appmobi.com/index.php?q=content/built-appmobi
PhoneGap app gallery: http://phonegap.com/apps
Sencha Demo apps: http://www.sencha.com/products/touch/demos/
Appcelerator apps: http://www.appcelerator.com/thinkmobile/showcase
I recommend you to find out what kind of app you want to develop. Later, you can evaluate the platforms/frameworks.