Multiple plots in one figure
I have the following code and I want to combine phase space plots into one single figure.
I have coded the functions, but I don't know how to make MATLAB put them into one figure. As you see, it is the variables r, a, b, and d that changes. How do I combine them?
I also would like to plot the vector field of these phase space plots using the quiver command, but it just does not work.
%function lotkavolterra
% Plots time series and phase space diagrams.
clear all; close all;
t0 = 0;
tf = 20;
N0 = 20;
P0 = 5;
% Original plot
r = 2;
a = 1;
b = 0.2;
d = 1.5;
% Time series plots
lv = @(t,x)(lv_eq(t,x,r,a,b,d));
[t,NP] = ode45(lv,[t0,tf],[N0 P0]);
N = NP(:,1); P = NP(:,2);
figure
plot(t,N,t,P,' --');
axis([0 20 0 50])
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('predator-prey')
title(['r=',num2str(r),', a=',num2str(a),', b=',num2str(b),', d=',num2str(d)]);
saveas(gcf,'predator-prey.png')
legend('prey','predator')
% Phase space plot
figure
quiver(N,P);
axis([0 50 0 10])
%axis tight
% Change variables
r = 2;
a = 1.5;
b = 0.1;
d = 1.5;
%time series plots
lv = @(t,x)(lv_eq(t,x,r,a,b,d));
[t,NP] = ode45(lv,[t0,tf],[N0 P0]);
N = NP(:,1); P = NP(:,2);
figure
plot(t,N,t,P,' --');
axis([0 20 0 50])
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('predator-prey')
title(['r=',num2str(r),', a=',num2str(a),', b=',num2str(b),', d=',num2str(d)]);
saveas(gcf,'predator-prey.png')
legend('prey','predator')
% Phase space plot
figure
plot(N,P);
axis([0 50 0 10])
% Change variables
r = 2;
a = 1;
b = 0.2;
d = 0.5;
% Time series plots
lv = @(t,x)(lv_eq(t,x,r,a,b,d));
[t,NP] = ode45(lv,[t0,tf],[N0 P0]);
N = NP(:,1); P = NP(:,2);
figure
plot(t,N,t,P,' --');
axis([0 20 0 50])
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('predator-prey')
title(['r=',num2str(r),', a=',num2str(a),', b=',num2str(b),', d=',num2str(d)]);
saveas(gcf,'predator-prey.png')
legend('prey','predator')
% Phase space plot
figure
plot(N,P);
axis([0 50 0 10])
% Change variables
r = 0.5;
a = 1;
b = 0.2;
d = 1.5;
% Time series plots
lv = @(t,x)(lv_eq(t,x,r,a,b,d));
[t,NP] = ode45(lv,[t0,tf],[N0 P0]);
N = NP(:,1); P = NP(:,2);
figure
plot(t,N,t,P,' --');
axis([0 20 0 50])
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('predator-prey')
title(['r=',num2str(r),', a=',num2str(a),', b=',num2str(b),', d=',num2str(d)]);
saveas(gcf,'predator-prey.png')
legend('prey','predator')
% Phase space plot
figure
plot(N,P);
axis([0 50 0 10])
% FUNCTION being called from external .m file
%function dx = lv_eq(t,x,r,a,b,d)
%N = x(1);
%P = x(2);
%dN = r*N-a*P*N;
%dP = b*a*P*N-d*P;
%dx = [dN;dP];
Answer
Well, there are a few ways how multiple data series can be displayed in the same figure.
I will use a little example data set, together with corresponding colors:
%% Data
t = 0:100;
f1 = 0.3;
f2 = 0.07;
u1 = sin(f1*t); cu1 = 'r'; %red
u2 = cos(f2*t); cu2 = 'b'; %blue
v1 = 5*u1.^2; cv1 = 'm'; %magenta
v2 = 5*u2.^2; cv2 = 'c'; %cyan
First of all, when you want everything on the same axis, you will need the hold function:
%% Method 1 (hold on)
figure;
plot(t, u1, 'Color', cu1, 'DisplayName', 'u1'); hold on;
plot(t, u2, 'Color', cu2, 'DisplayName', 'u2');
plot(t, v1, 'Color', cv1, 'DisplayName', 'v1');
plot(t, v2, 'Color', cv2, 'DisplayName', 'v2'); hold off;
xlabel('Time t [s]');
ylabel('u [some unit] and v [some unit^2]');
legend('show');
You see that this is right in many cases, however, it can become cumbersome when the dynamic range of both quantities differ a lot (e.g. the u values are smaller than 1, while the v values are much larger).
Secondly, when you have a lot of data or different quantities, it is also possible to use subplot to have different axes. I also used the function linkaxes to link the axes in the x direction. When you zoom in on either of them in MATLAB, the other will display the same x range, which allows for easier inspection of larger data sets.
%% Method 2 (subplots)
figure;
h(1) = subplot(2,1,1); % upper plot
plot(t, u1, 'Color', cu1, 'DisplayName', 'u1'); hold on;
plot(t, u2, 'Color', cu2, 'DisplayName', 'u2'); hold off;
xlabel('Time t [s]');
ylabel('u [some unit]');
legend(gca,'show');
h(2) = subplot(2,1,2); % lower plot
plot(t, v1, 'Color', cv1, 'DisplayName', 'v1'); hold on;
plot(t, v2, 'Color', cv2, 'DisplayName', 'v2'); hold off;
xlabel('Time t [s]');
ylabel('v [some unit^2]');
legend('show');
linkaxes(h,'x'); % link the axes in x direction (just for convenience)
Subplots do waste some space, but they allow to keep some data together without overpopulating a plot.
Finally, as an example for a more complex method to plot different quantities on the same figure using the plotyy function (or better yet: the yyaxis function since R2016a)
%% Method 3 (plotyy)
figure;
[ax, h1, h2] = plotyy(t,u1,t,v1);
set(h1, 'Color', cu1, 'DisplayName', 'u1');
set(h2, 'Color', cv1, 'DisplayName', 'v1');
hold(ax(1),'on');
hold(ax(2),'on');
plot(ax(1), t, u2, 'Color', cu2, 'DisplayName', 'u2');
plot(ax(2), t, v2, 'Color', cv2, 'DisplayName', 'v2');
xlabel('Time t [s]');
ylabel(ax(1),'u [some unit]');
ylabel(ax(2),'v [some unit^2]');
legend('show');
This certainly looks crowded, but it can come in handy when you have a large difference in dynamic range of the signals.
Of course, nothing hinders you from using a combination of these techniques together: hold on together with plotyy and subplot.
edit:
For quiver, I rarely use that command, but anyhow, you are lucky I wrote some code a while back to facilitate vector field plots. You can use the same techniques as explained above. My code is far from rigorous, but here goes:
function [u,v] = plotode(func,x,t,style)
% [u,v] = PLOTODE(func,x,t,[style])
% plots the slope lines ODE defined in func(x,t)
% for the vectors x and t
% An optional plot style can be given (default is '.b')
if nargin < 4
style = '.b';
end;
% http://ncampbellmth212s09.wordpress.com/2009/02/09/first-block/
[t,x] = meshgrid(t,x);
v = func(x,t);
u = ones(size(v));
dw = sqrt(v.^2 + u.^2);
quiver(t,x,u./dw,v./dw,0.5,style);
xlabel('t'); ylabel('x');
When called as:
logistic = @(x,t)(x.* ( 1-x )); % xdot = f(x,t)
t0 = linspace(0,10,20);
x0 = linspace(0,2,11);
plotode(@logistic,x0,t0,'r');
this yields:
If you want any more guidance, I found that link in my source very useful (albeit badly formatted).
Also, you might want to take a look at the MATLAB help, it is really great. Just type help quiver or doc quiver into MATLAB or use the links I provided above (these should give the same contents as doc).