CentOS 64 bit bad ELF interpreter
I have just installed CentOS 6 64bit version, I'm trying to install a 32-bit application on a 64-bit machine and got this error:
/lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory
I'm new to linux. How do I resolve this?
Answer
You're on a 64-bit system, and don't have 32-bit library support installed.
To install (baseline) support for 32-bit executables
(if you don't use sudo in your setup read note below)
Most desktop Linux systems in the Fedora/Red Hat family:
pkcon install glibc.i686
Possibly some desktop Debian/Ubuntu systems?:
pkcon install ia32-libs
Fedora or newer Red Hat, CentOS:
sudo dnf install glibc.i686
Older RHEL, CentOS:
sudo yum install glibc.i686
Even older RHEL, CentOS:
sudo yum install glibc.i386
Debian or Ubuntu:
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs
should grab you the (first, main) library you need.
Once you have that, you'll probably need support libs
Anyone needing to install glibc.i686 or glibc.i386 will probably run into other library dependencies, as well. To identify a package providing an arbitrary library, you can use
ldd /usr/bin/YOURAPPHERE
if you're not sure it's in /usr/bin you can also fall back on
ldd $(which YOURAPPNAME)
The output will look like this:
linux-gate.so.1 => (0xf7760000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0xf773e000)
libSM.so.6 => not found
Check for missing libraries (e.g. libSM.so.6 in the above output), and for each one you need to find the package that provides it.
Commands to find the package per distribution family
Fedora/Red Hat Enterprise/CentOS:
dnf provides /usr/lib/libSM.so.6
or, on older RHEL/CentOS:
yum provides /usr/lib/libSM.so.6
or, on Debian/Ubuntu:
first, install and download the database for apt-file
sudo apt-get install apt-file && apt-file update
then search with
apt-file find libSM.so.6
Note the prefix path /usr/lib in the (usual) case; rarely, some libraries still live under /lib for historical reasons … On typical 64-bit systems, 32-bit libraries live in /usr/lib and 64-bit libraries live in /usr/lib64.
(Debian/Ubuntu organise multi-architecture libraries differently.)
Installing packages for missing libraries
The above should give you a package name, e.g.:
libSM-1.2.0-2.fc15.i686 : X.Org X11 SM runtime library
Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/lib/libSM.so.6
In this example the name of the package is libSM and the name of the 32bit version of the package is libSM.i686.
You can then install the package to grab the requisite library using pkcon in a GUI, or sudo dnf/yum/apt-get as appropriate…. E.g pkcon install libSM.i686. If necessary you can specify the version fully. E.g sudo dnf install ibSM-1.2.0-2.fc15.i686.
Some libraries will have an “epoch” designator before their name; this can be omitted (the curious can read the notes below).
Notes
Warning
Incidentially, the issue you are facing either implies that your RPM (resp. DPkg/DSelect) database is corrupted, or that the application you're trying to run wasn't installed through the package manager. If you're new to Linux, you probably want to avoid using software from sources other than your package manager, whenever possible...
If you don't use "sudo" in your set-up
Type
su -c
every time you see sudo, eg,
su -c dnf install glibc.i686
About the epoch designator in library names
The “epoch” designator before the name is an artifact of the way that the underlying RPM libraries handle version numbers; e.g.
2:libpng-1.2.46-1.fc16.i686 : A library of functions for manipulating PNG image format files
Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/lib/libpng.so.3
Here, the 2: can be omitted; just pkcon install libpng.i686 or sudo dnf install libpng-1.2.46-1.fc16.i686. (It vaguely implies something like: at some point, the version number of the libpng package rolled backwards, and the “epoch” had to be incremented to make sure the newer version would be considered “newer” during updates. Or something similar happened. Twice.)
Updated to clarify and cover the various package manager options more fully (March, 2016)