unbuffered I/O in Linux

Question

I'm writing lots and lots of data that will not be read again for weeks - as my program runs the amount of free memory on the machine (displayed with 'free' or 'top') drops very quickly, the amount of memory my app uses does not increase - neither does the amount of memory used by other processes.

This leads me to believe the memory is being consumed by the filesystems cache - since I do not intend to read this data for a long time I'm hoping to bypass the systems buffers, such that my data is written directly to disk. I dont have dreams of improving perf or being a super ninja, my hope is to give a hint to the filesystem that I'm not going to be coming back for this memory any time soon, so dont spend time optimizing for those cases.

On Windows I've faced similar problems and fixed the problem using FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH - the machines memory was not consumed by my app and the machine was more usable in general. I'm hoping to duplicate the improvements I've seen but on Linux. On Windows there is the restriction of writing in sector sized pieces, I'm happy with this restriction for the amount of gain I've measured.

is there a similar way to do this in Linux?

Answer 1

The closest equivalent to the Windows flags you mention I can think of is to open your file with the open(2) flags O_DIRECT | O_SYNC:

   O_DIRECT (Since Linux 2.4.10)
          Try to minimize cache effects of the I/O to and from this file.  In
          general this will degrade performance, but it is useful in special
          situations, such as when applications do their own caching.  File I/O
          is done directly to/from user space buffers.  The O_DIRECT flag on its
          own makes at an effort to transfer data synchronously, but does not
          give the guarantees of the O_SYNC that data and necessary metadata are
          transferred.  To guarantee synchronous I/O the O_SYNC must be used in
          addition to O_DIRECT.  See NOTES below for further discussion.

          A semantically similar (but deprecated) interface for block devices is
          described in raw(8).

Granted, trying to do research on this flag to confirm it's what you want I found this interesting piece telling you that unbuffered I/O is a bad idea, Linus describing it as "brain damaged". According to that you should be using madvise() instead to tell the kernel how to cache pages. YMMV.