What is the difference between concurrency and parallelism?

language-agnostic concurrency parallel-processing
StackUnderflow picture StackUnderflow · Jun 26, 2009 · Viewed 222.8k times · Source

What is the difference between concurrency and parallelism?

Examples are appreciated.

Answer

RichieHindle picture RichieHindle · Jun 26, 2009

Concurrency is when two or more tasks can start, run, and complete in overlapping time periods. It doesn't necessarily mean they'll ever both be running at the same instant. For example, multitasking on a single-core machine.

Parallelism is when tasks literally run at the same time, e.g., on a multicore processor.

Quoting Sun's Multithreaded Programming Guide:

  • Concurrency: A condition that exists when at least two threads are making progress. A more generalized form of parallelism that can include time-slicing as a form of virtual parallelism.

  • Parallelism: A condition that arises when at least two threads are executing simultaneously.

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