How to use setInterval function within for loop

Question

I'm trying to run multiple timers given a variable list of items. The code looks something like this:

var list = Array(...);

for(var x in list){
    setInterval(function(){
        list[x] += 10;
        console.log(x + "=>" + list[x] + "\n");
    }, 5 * 1000);
}

The problem with the above code is that the only value being updated is the item at the end of the list, multiplied by the number of items in the list.

Can anyone offer a solution and some explanation so I know why it's behaving this way?

Answer 1

So, a few things:

1. Most importantly, the callback function you've passed to setInterval() maintains a reference to x rather than the snapshot value of x as it existed during each particular iteration. So, as x is changed in the loop, it's updated within each of the callback functions as well.
2. Additionally, for...in is used to enumerate object properties and can behave unexpectedly when used on arrays.
3. What's more, I suspect you really want setTimeout() rather than setInterval().

You can pass arguments to your callback function by supplying additional arguments to setTimout():

var timeoutID = window.setTimeout(func, delay, [param1, param2, ...]);

Numbers will be passed by value rather than reference. Here's an example:

var list = [1,2,3,4];

for (var x = 0, ln = list.length; x < ln; x++) {
  setTimeout(function(y) {    
    console.log("%d => %d", y, list[y] += 10);
  }, x * 500, x); // we're passing x
}