What does npm install --legacy-peer-deps do exactly? When is it recommended / What's a potential use case?

Question

Just ran into this error:

npm ERR! code ERESOLVE
npm ERR! ERESOLVE unable to resolve dependency tree
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! While resolving: [email protected]
npm ERR! Found: [email protected]
npm ERR! node_modules/react
npm ERR!   react@"17.0.1" from the root project
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! Could not resolve dependency:
npm ERR! peer react@"^16.8.0" from [email protected]
npm ERR! node_modules/react-hook-mousetrap
npm ERR!   react-hook-mousetrap@"*" from the root project
npm ERR! 

The module I am trying to install seems to have a different peer dependency from what I have installed. It seems like npm changed its behaviour in this regard and now lets the install fail.

What can I do now to fix this? I don't want to downgrade my React version for this.

I know there is a flag called --legacy-peer-deps but I am not sure what exactly this does and whether it's recommended to use it / what the potential disadvantages are? I assume there is a reason npm did let the install fail.

It's just strange because I was using yarn up until very recently and everything was fine.

Answer 1

--legacy-peer-deps restores peerDependency installation behavior from NPM v4 thru v6

One way of thinking of this flag is that it isn't doing something new; rather it's telling NPM not to do something new, since NPM v7 now installs peerDependencies by default.

In many cases, this is leading to version conflicts, which will break the installation process.

The --legacy-peer-deps flag was introduced with v7 as a way to bypass peerDependency auto-installation; it tells NPM to ignore peer deps and proceed with the installation anyway. This is how things used to be with NPM v4 thru v6.

If you're unclear about the difference between regular deps and peer deps, here is a bit of context:

Dependencies vs peerDependencies

Dependencies: Libraries or modules that an NPM module needs in order to work in production. (Example: I recently built a pie chart mocking library that uses Chance.js to calculate random numbers within a specified range; Chance is therefore a dependency of my module.)

peerDependencies: A peer dependency is a specific version or set of versions of a third-party software library that a module is designed to work with. They're similar in concept to the relationship between a browser extension and a browser. (Example: react-redux has two quite logical peerDependencies: react and redux.)

This issue is being driven, in part, by React v17

Due to the large number of modules that haven't specifically added React v17 as a peerDependency, it's now commonplace to encounter the unable to resolve dependency tree error when running npm installs within a v17 React application.

This error will fire whenever a module (or any of its own dependencies) lists a previous version of React as a peerDependency without specifically including React v17 as well.

(Note: Similar behavior will occur with the major-version update of any other framework or library.)

How to check peerDependencies for any given module

NPM itself doesn't list peer deps on the pages of a given module. However, there is a simple workaround to check for peer deps, either before or after install. Simply run:

npm info name-of-module peerDependencies

This command will return the name of each peerDependency along with all compatible version(s).

tl;dr:

• NPM v7 now installs peerDependencies by default; this was not the case with v4-v6
• A peerDependency is a third-party npm module that a given module is designed to work with
• NPM modules must name specific versions of their peerDependencies
• If you're running, for example, a React v17 app and a module hasn't listed React 17 as a peerDependency -- but has listed older versions -- it will blow up the installation
• Adding --legacy-peer-deps to your npm installation will bypass peerDependency auto-installation, but this may result in conflicts due to potentially breaking changes