How to get median and quartiles/percentiles of an array in JavaScript (or PHP)?

Question

This question is turned into a Q&A, because I had struggle finding the answer, and think it can be useful for others

I have a JavaScript array of values and need to calculate in JavaScript its Q2 (50th percentile aka MEDIAN), Q1 (25th percentile) and Q3 (75th percentile) values.

Answer 1

I updated the JavaScript translation from the first answer to use arrow functions and a bit more concise notation. The functionality remains mostly the same, except for std, which now computes the sample standard deviation (dividing by arr.length - 1 instead of just arr.length)

// sort array ascending
const asc = arr => arr.sort((a, b) => a - b);

const sum = arr => arr.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);

const mean = arr => sum(arr) / arr.length;

// sample standard deviation
const std = (arr) => {
    const mu = mean(arr);
    const diffArr = arr.map(a => (a - mu) ** 2);
    return Math.sqrt(sum(diffArr) / (arr.length - 1));
};

const quantile = (arr, q) => {
    const sorted = asc(arr);
    const pos = (sorted.length - 1) * q;
    const base = Math.floor(pos);
    const rest = pos - base;
    if (sorted[base + 1] !== undefined) {
        return sorted[base] + rest * (sorted[base + 1] - sorted[base]);
    } else {
        return sorted[base];
    }
};

const q25 = arr => quantile(arr, .25);

const q50 = arr => quantile(arr, .50);

const q75 = arr => quantile(arr, .75);

const median = arr => q50(arr);