Regular expression which matches a pattern, or is an empty string

Question

I have the following Regular Expression which matches an email address format:

^[\w\.\-]+@([\w\-]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]+$

This is used for validation with a form using JavaScript. However, this is an optional field. Therefore how can I change this regex to match an email address format, or an empty string?

From my limited regex knowledge, I think \b matches an empty string, and | means "Or", so I tried to do the following, but it didn't work:

^[\w\.\-]+@([\w\-]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]+$|\b

Answer 1

To match pattern or an empty string, use

^$|pattern

Explanation

• ^ and $ are the beginning and end of the string anchors respectively.
• | is used to denote alternates, e.g. this|that.

References

• regular-expressions.info/Anchors and Alternation

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On \b

\b in most flavor is a "word boundary" anchor. It is a zero-width match, i.e. an empty string, but it only matches those strings at very specific places, namely at the boundaries of a word.

That is, \b is located:

• Between consecutive \w and \W (either order):
  • i.e. between a word character and a non-word character
• Between ^ and \w
  • i.e. at the beginning of the string if it starts with \w
• Between \w and $
  • i.e. at the end of the string if it ends with \w

References

• regular-expressions.info/Word Boundaries

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On using regex to match e-mail addresses

This is not trivial depending on specification.

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