Client on node: Uncaught ReferenceError: require is not defined

Question

So, I am writing an application with the node/express + jade combo.

I have client.js, which is loaded on the client. In that file I have code that calls functions from other JavaScript files. My attempt was to use

var m = require('./messages');

in order to load the contents of messages.js (just like I do on the server side) and later on call functions from that file. However, require is not defined on the client side, and it throws an error of the form Uncaught ReferenceError: require is not defined.

These other JS files are also loaded on runtime at the client because I place the links at the header of the webpage. So the client knows all the functions that are exported from these other files.

How do I call these functions from these other JS files (such as messages.js) in the main client.js file that opens the socket to the server?

Answer 1

This is because require() does not exist in the browser/client-side JavaScript.

Now you're going to have to make some choices about your client-side JavaScript script management.

You have three options:

1. Use <script> tag.
2. Use a CommonJS implementation. Synchronous dependencies like Node.js
3. Use an AMD implementation.

CommonJS client side-implementations include:

(most of them require a build step before you deploy)

1. Browserify - You can use most Node.js modules in the browser. This is my personal favorite.
2. Webpack - Does everything (bundles JS, CSS, etc). Made popular by the surge of React.js. Notorious for its difficult learning curve.
3. Rollup - New contender. Leverages ES6 modules. Includes tree-shaking abilities (removes unused code).

You can read more about my comparison of Browserify vs (deprecated) Component.

AMD implementations include:

1. RequireJS - Very popular amongst client-side JavaScript developers. Not my taste because of its asynchronous nature.

Note, in your search for choosing which one to go with, you'll read about Bower. Bower is only for package dependencies and is unopinionated on module definitions like CommonJS and AMD.

Hope this helps some.