What are the differences between char literals '\n' and '\r' in Java?

java newline carriage-return
siva636 picture siva636 · Feb 13, 2012 · Viewed 201.3k times · Source

In Java, the newline and carriage return characters are both seem to be showing same effect.

What are the actual differences between char literals \n and \r in Java?

Note that the above asks about the \n character, not the newLine() function on BufferedWriter, and so this other question isn't relevant.

Answer

T.J. Crowder picture T.J. Crowder · Feb 13, 2012

\n is a line feed (LF) character, character code 10. \r is a carriage return (CR) character, character code 13. What they do differs from system to system. On Windows, for instance, lines in text files are terminated using CR followed immediately by LF (e.g., CRLF). On Unix systems and their derivatives, only LF is used. (Macs prior to Mac OS X used CR, but Mac OS X is a *nix derivative and so uses LF.)

In the old days, LF literally did just a line feed on printers (moving down one line without moving where you are horizonally on the page), and CR similarly moved back to the beginning of the line without moving the paper up, hence some systems (like Windows) sending CR (return to the left-hand side) and LF (and feed the paper up).

Because of all this confusion, some output targets will accept multiple line break sequences, so you could see the same effect from either character depending on what you're outputting to.

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