I don't get how can I employ this code:
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
to close the program with the x button.
You need the line
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Because the default behaviour for the JFrame when you press the X button is the equivalent to
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
So almost all the times you'll need to add that line manually when creating your JFrame
I am currently referring to constants in WindowConstants
like WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE
instead of the same constants declared directly in JFrame
as the prior reflect better the intent.