How to optimize for-comprehensions and loops in Scala?

Question

So Scala is supposed to be as fast as Java. I'm revisiting some Project Euler problems in Scala that I originally tackled in Java. Specifically Problem 5: "What is the smallest positive number that is evenly divisible by all of the numbers from 1 to 20?"

Here's my Java solution, which takes 0.7 seconds to complete on my machine:

public class P005_evenly_divisible implements Runnable{
    final int t = 20;

    public void run() {
        int i = 10;
        while(!isEvenlyDivisible(i, t)){
            i += 2;
        }
        System.out.println(i);
    }

    boolean isEvenlyDivisible(int a, int b){
        for (int i = 2; i <= b; i++) {
            if (a % i != 0) 
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new P005_evenly_divisible().run();
    }
}

Here's my "direct translation" into Scala, which takes 103 seconds (147 times longer!)

object P005_JavaStyle {
    val t:Int = 20;
    def run {
        var i = 10
        while(!isEvenlyDivisible(i,t))
            i += 2
        println(i)
    }
    def isEvenlyDivisible(a:Int, b:Int):Boolean = {
        for (i <- 2 to b)
            if (a % i != 0)
                return false
        return true
    }
    def main(args : Array[String]) {
        run
    }
}

Finally here's my attempt at functional programming, which takes 39 seconds (55 times longer)

object P005 extends App{
    def isDivis(x:Int) = (1 to 20) forall {x % _ == 0}
    def find(n:Int):Int = if (isDivis(n)) n else find (n+2)
    println (find (2))
}

Using Scala 2.9.0.1 on Windows 7 64-bit. How do I improve performance? Am I doing something wrong? Or is Java just a lot faster?

Answer 1

The problem in this particular case is that you return from within the for-expression. That in turn gets translated into a throw of a NonLocalReturnException, which is caught at the enclosing method. The optimizer can eliminate the foreach but cannot yet eliminate the throw/catch. And throw/catch is expensive. But since such nested returns are rare in Scala programs, the optimizer did not yet address this case. There is work going on to improve the optimizer which hopefully will solve this issue soon.