As far as i understand log4j can handle system property -Dlog4j.debug. If you run your app with it you will get log4j's debug output.
Example: java -Dlog4j.debug -jar test.jar
Is there something similar for log4j 2?
Update January 2018:
From Log4j 2.10, this is easy: just run your program with system property log4j2.debug
(no value needed; an empty string is fine).
The current (log4j-2.1) documentation on the status logger is a bit confusing. Basically:
org.apache.logging.log4j.simplelog.StatusLogger.level
.<Configuration status="trace">
.UPDATE: the documentation was improved in log4j-2.2.