Netty java getting data from ByteBuf

Question

How to get a byte array from ByteBuf efficiently in the code below? I need to get the array and then serialize it.

package testingNetty;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

public class ServerHandler extends  ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
     @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
         System.out.println("Message receive");
         ByteBuf buff = (ByteBuf) msg;
             // There is I need get bytes from buff and make serialization
         byte[] bytes = BuffConvertor.GetBytes(buff);
        }

        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) { 
            // Close the connection when an exception is raised.
            cause.printStackTrace();
            ctx.close();
        }

}

Answer 1

ByteBuf buf = ...
byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(bytes);

If you don't want the readerIndex to change:

ByteBuf buf = ...
byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
int readerIndex = buf.readerIndex();
buf.getBytes(readerIndex, bytes);

If you want to minimize the memory copy, you can use the backing array of the ByteBuf, if it's available:

ByteBuf buf = ...
byte[] bytes;
int offset;
int length = buf.readableBytes();

if (buf.hasArray()) {
    bytes = buf.array();
    offset = buf.arrayOffset();
} else {
    bytes = new byte[length];
    buf.getBytes(buf.readerIndex(), bytes);
    offset = 0;
}

Please note that you can't simply use buf.array(), because:

• Not all ByteBufs have backing array. Some are off-heap buffers (i.e. direct memory)
• Even if a ByteBuf has a backing array (i.e. buf.hasArray() returns true), the following isn't necessarily true because the buffer might be a slice of other buffer or a pooled buffer:
  • buf.array()[0] == buf.getByte(0)
  • buf.array().length == buf.capacity()