JPA Native Query select and cast object

Question

I have got an Object Admin which extends User. By default both Objects are in the table User_ of my Derby Database (included fields from Admin). Normally I'd select an User like this:

CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<User> query = cb.createQuery(User.class);
Root user= query.from(User.class);
Predicate predicateId = cb.equal(category.get("id"), id);
query.select(user).where(predicateId);
return em.createQuery(query).getSingleResult();

However due to the complexity of my query I'm using a native query like this:

Query query = em.createNativeQuery("SELECT USER.* FROM USER_ AS USER WHERE ID = ?");
query.setParameter(1, id);
return (User) query.getSingleResult();

Though this throws a cast exception. I figure this is due to any fields from Admin.

My question is, how can I select a User using a native query with an equal result as the first example (including the same values for @LOB and @ManyToOne (et cetera) as the JPQL query would return)?

Answer 1

You might want to try one of the following ways:

• Using the method createNativeQuery(sqlString, resultClass)

  Native queries can also be defined dynamically using the EntityManager.createNativeQuery() API.

  String sql = "SELECT USER.* FROM USER_ AS USER WHERE ID = ?";
  
  Query query = em.createNativeQuery(sql, User.class);
  query.setParameter(1, id);
  User user = (User) query.getSingleResult();
  

• Using the annotation @NamedNativeQuery

  Native queries are defined through the @NamedNativeQuery and @NamedNativeQueries annotations, or <named-native-query> XML element.

  @NamedNativeQuery(
      name="complexQuery",
      query="SELECT USER.* FROM USER_ AS USER WHERE ID = ?",
      resultClass=User.class
  )
  public class User { ... }
  
  Query query = em.createNamedQuery("complexQuery", User.class);
  query.setParameter(1, id);
  User user = (User) query.getSingleResult();
  

You can read more in the excellent open book Java Persistence (available in PDF).

^{───────
NOTE: With regard to use of getSingleResult(), see Why you should never use getSingleResult() in JPA.}