ImageMagick: Lossless max compression for PNG?

Question

I'd like to achieve a maximum amount of compression when saving to a lossless PNG using ImageMagick. I'm doing batch conversion of many PSDs.

I tried a few things, but it looks to me like the resulting PNG image is not as sharp as original image, although my wife cannot see it.

These are current arguments I'm playing with:

convert -depth 24 -define png:compression-filter=1 \ 
  -define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=2 

According to: http://www.imagemagick.org/script/command-line-options.php#define

And http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG-Filters.html

That means:

• compression filter is 1 (Sub)
• max compression level 9
• compression strategy is 2 huffman_only (so no filtering, although this compression filter shall be lossless)

According to the documentation: "valid values are 0 through 4, meaning default, filtered, huffman_only, rle, and fixed ZLIB compression strategy. If you are using an old zlib that does not support Z_RLE (before 1.2.0) or Z_FIXED (before 1.2.2.2), values 3 and 4, respectively, will use the zlib default strategy instead."

BTW, My images are 960x720 pixels.

(If I use default compression strategy 0, I get large files. It might be that compression-filter of 9 and compression-strategy of 0 are producing smaller size images, but I am still not sure if it is lossless or not).

Questions:

1. Is this lossless compression? If not, where is the mistake?
2. Any idea how to achieve better lossless compression?

Answer 1

I think you are at, or beyond, the limits of the ImageMagick documentation and would like to suggest you work out your answer empirically - or if you do get a definitive answer, that you at least test it empirically.

I don't have access to your images, so I generated a reference image myself, as follows. It contains a readily compressible block of solid colour (red), a black-white gradient and a bunch of noise, so there is something to make most types of compression happy or unhappy in there.

In order to test whether you have lossless compression, I would suggest you convert images to PPM format - see here. This contains no date, or time or statistics or anything but pure image data and size in an extremely simple format - thereby allowing comparison of whether pixel values have changed through compression.

Then I wrote a script as follows to compress the reference image using all the possible filters, strategies and levels to see the filesizes and if they have suffered any losses and are therefore different from the reference PPM image:

Here is the script:

#!/bin/bash
convert -depth 24 -size 200x200 xc:red gradient:black-white \( xc:white +noise random \) +append reference.png
convert reference.png reference.ppm
for f in {0..5}; do
   for l in {0..9}; do
      for s in {0..4}; do
         outfile="out_${f}_${l}_${s}.png"
         convert reference.png -define png:compression-filter=$f -define png:compression-level=$l -define png:compression-strategy=$s "$outfile"
         size=$(OSXFileSize "$outfile")
         echo filter:$f, level:$l, strategy:$s, size:$size
         convert "$outfile" "$outfile.ppm"
         diff "$outfile.ppm" reference.ppm
      done
   done
done

All files compared identically, so there doesn't seem to be any compression loss with any of the parameters I used. The sizes came out as follows:

filter:0, level:0, strategy:0, size:720796
filter:0, level:0, strategy:1, size:720796
filter:0, level:0, strategy:2, size:720801
filter:0, level:0, strategy:3, size:718136
filter:0, level:0, strategy:4, size:720796
filter:0, level:1, strategy:0, size:246377
filter:0, level:1, strategy:1, size:246377
filter:0, level:1, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:1, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:1, strategy:4, size:259348
filter:0, level:2, strategy:0, size:246377
filter:0, level:2, strategy:1, size:246377
filter:0, level:2, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:2, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:2, strategy:4, size:259348
filter:0, level:3, strategy:0, size:246377
filter:0, level:3, strategy:1, size:246377
filter:0, level:3, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:3, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:3, strategy:4, size:259348
filter:0, level:4, strategy:0, size:244894
filter:0, level:4, strategy:1, size:244859
filter:0, level:4, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:4, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:4, strategy:4, size:258039
filter:0, level:5, strategy:0, size:244916
filter:0, level:5, strategy:1, size:244881
filter:0, level:5, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:5, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:5, strategy:4, size:258064
filter:0, level:6, strategy:0, size:244916
filter:0, level:6, strategy:1, size:244881
filter:0, level:6, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:6, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:6, strategy:4, size:258064
filter:0, level:7, strategy:0, size:244916
filter:0, level:7, strategy:1, size:244881
filter:0, level:7, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:7, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:7, strategy:4, size:258064
filter:0, level:8, strategy:0, size:244433
filter:0, level:8, strategy:1, size:244405
filter:0, level:8, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:8, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:8, strategy:4, size:257674
filter:0, level:9, strategy:0, size:244433
filter:0, level:9, strategy:1, size:244405
filter:0, level:9, strategy:2, size:524864
filter:0, level:9, strategy:3, size:517549
filter:0, level:9, strategy:4, size:257674
filter:1, level:0, strategy:0, size:720796
filter:1, level:0, strategy:1, size:720796
filter:1, level:0, strategy:2, size:720801
filter:1, level:0, strategy:3, size:286904
filter:1, level:0, strategy:4, size:720796
filter:1, level:1, strategy:0, size:247643
filter:1, level:1, strategy:1, size:247643
filter:1, level:1, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:1, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:1, strategy:4, size:260505
filter:1, level:2, strategy:0, size:247375
filter:1, level:2, strategy:1, size:247375
filter:1, level:2, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:2, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:2, strategy:4, size:260452
filter:1, level:3, strategy:0, size:247375
filter:1, level:3, strategy:1, size:247375
filter:1, level:3, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:3, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:3, strategy:4, size:260452
filter:1, level:4, strategy:0, size:245515
filter:1, level:4, strategy:1, size:245489
filter:1, level:4, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:4, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:4, strategy:4, size:258810
filter:1, level:5, strategy:0, size:245544
filter:1, level:5, strategy:1, size:245519
filter:1, level:5, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:5, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:5, strategy:4, size:258835
filter:1, level:6, strategy:0, size:245597
filter:1, level:6, strategy:1, size:245570
filter:1, level:6, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:6, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:6, strategy:4, size:258885
filter:1, level:7, strategy:0, size:245597
filter:1, level:7, strategy:1, size:245570
filter:1, level:7, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:7, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:7, strategy:4, size:258885
filter:1, level:8, strategy:0, size:245251
filter:1, level:8, strategy:1, size:245230
filter:1, level:8, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:8, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:8, strategy:4, size:258587
filter:1, level:9, strategy:0, size:245267
filter:1, level:9, strategy:1, size:245254
filter:1, level:9, strategy:2, size:331829
filter:1, level:9, strategy:3, size:245708
filter:1, level:9, strategy:4, size:258589
filter:2, level:0, strategy:0, size:720796
filter:2, level:0, strategy:1, size:720796
filter:2, level:0, strategy:2, size:720801
filter:2, level:0, strategy:3, size:628470
filter:2, level:0, strategy:4, size:720796
filter:2, level:1, strategy:0, size:246114
filter:2, level:1, strategy:1, size:246114
filter:2, level:1, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:1, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:1, strategy:4, size:258999
filter:2, level:2, strategy:0, size:246114
filter:2, level:2, strategy:1, size:246114
filter:2, level:2, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:2, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:2, strategy:4, size:258999
filter:2, level:3, strategy:0, size:246114
filter:2, level:3, strategy:1, size:246114
filter:2, level:3, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:3, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:3, strategy:4, size:258999
filter:2, level:4, strategy:0, size:244701
filter:2, level:4, strategy:1, size:244679
filter:2, level:4, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:4, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:4, strategy:4, size:257722
filter:2, level:5, strategy:0, size:244721
filter:2, level:5, strategy:1, size:244700
filter:2, level:5, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:5, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:5, strategy:4, size:257744
filter:2, level:6, strategy:0, size:244727
filter:2, level:6, strategy:1, size:244704
filter:2, level:6, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:6, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:6, strategy:4, size:257744
filter:2, level:7, strategy:0, size:244727
filter:2, level:7, strategy:1, size:244704
filter:2, level:7, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:7, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:7, strategy:4, size:257744
filter:2, level:8, strategy:0, size:244340
filter:2, level:8, strategy:1, size:244322
filter:2, level:8, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:8, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:8, strategy:4, size:257436
filter:2, level:9, strategy:0, size:244155
filter:2, level:9, strategy:1, size:244130
filter:2, level:9, strategy:2, size:439545
filter:2, level:9, strategy:3, size:358177
filter:2, level:9, strategy:4, size:257298
filter:3, level:0, strategy:0, size:720796
filter:3, level:0, strategy:1, size:720796
filter:3, level:0, strategy:2, size:720801
filter:3, level:0, strategy:3, size:600694
filter:3, level:0, strategy:4, size:720796
filter:3, level:1, strategy:0, size:247741
filter:3, level:1, strategy:1, size:247741
filter:3, level:1, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:1, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:1, strategy:4, size:260468
filter:3, level:2, strategy:0, size:247711
filter:3, level:2, strategy:1, size:247711
filter:3, level:2, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:2, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:2, strategy:4, size:260444
filter:3, level:3, strategy:0, size:247463
filter:3, level:3, strategy:1, size:247463
filter:3, level:3, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:3, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:3, strategy:4, size:260331
filter:3, level:4, strategy:0, size:245681
filter:3, level:4, strategy:1, size:245659
filter:3, level:4, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:4, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:4, strategy:4, size:258797
filter:3, level:5, strategy:0, size:245685
filter:3, level:5, strategy:1, size:245663
filter:3, level:5, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:5, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:5, strategy:4, size:258796
filter:3, level:6, strategy:0, size:245686
filter:3, level:6, strategy:1, size:245665
filter:3, level:6, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:6, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:6, strategy:4, size:258796
filter:3, level:7, strategy:0, size:245686
filter:3, level:7, strategy:1, size:245665
filter:3, level:7, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:7, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:7, strategy:4, size:258796
filter:3, level:8, strategy:0, size:245474
filter:3, level:8, strategy:1, size:245458
filter:3, level:8, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:8, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:8, strategy:4, size:258628
filter:3, level:9, strategy:0, size:245508
filter:3, level:9, strategy:1, size:245491
filter:3, level:9, strategy:2, size:429487
filter:3, level:9, strategy:3, size:346943
filter:3, level:9, strategy:4, size:258639
filter:4, level:0, strategy:0, size:720796
filter:4, level:0, strategy:1, size:720796
filter:4, level:0, strategy:2, size:720801
filter:4, level:0, strategy:3, size:284043
filter:4, level:0, strategy:4, size:720796
filter:4, level:1, strategy:0, size:246892
filter:4, level:1, strategy:1, size:246892
filter:4, level:1, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:1, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:1, strategy:4, size:259428
filter:4, level:2, strategy:0, size:246299
filter:4, level:2, strategy:1, size:246299
filter:4, level:2, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:2, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:2, strategy:4, size:259021
filter:4, level:3, strategy:0, size:246316
filter:4, level:3, strategy:1, size:246316
filter:4, level:3, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:3, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:3, strategy:4, size:259026
filter:4, level:4, strategy:0, size:244335
filter:4, level:4, strategy:1, size:244259
filter:4, level:4, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:4, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:4, strategy:4, size:257491
filter:4, level:5, strategy:0, size:244343
filter:4, level:5, strategy:1, size:244260
filter:4, level:5, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:5, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:5, strategy:4, size:257494
filter:4, level:6, strategy:0, size:244350
filter:4, level:6, strategy:1, size:244262
filter:4, level:6, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:6, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:6, strategy:4, size:257500
filter:4, level:7, strategy:0, size:244350
filter:4, level:7, strategy:1, size:244262
filter:4, level:7, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:7, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:7, strategy:4, size:257500
filter:4, level:8, strategy:0, size:244282
filter:4, level:8, strategy:1, size:244251
filter:4, level:8, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:8, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:8, strategy:4, size:257461
filter:4, level:9, strategy:0, size:244321
filter:4, level:9, strategy:1, size:244284
filter:4, level:9, strategy:2, size:331489
filter:4, level:9, strategy:3, size:245305
filter:4, level:9, strategy:4, size:257473
filter:5, level:0, strategy:0, size:720796
filter:5, level:0, strategy:1, size:720796
filter:5, level:0, strategy:2, size:720801
filter:5, level:0, strategy:3, size:287526
filter:5, level:0, strategy:4, size:720796
filter:5, level:1, strategy:0, size:247117
filter:5, level:1, strategy:1, size:247117
filter:5, level:1, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:1, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:1, strategy:4, size:259811
filter:5, level:2, strategy:0, size:246903
filter:5, level:2, strategy:1, size:246903
filter:5, level:2, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:2, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:2, strategy:4, size:259757
filter:5, level:3, strategy:0, size:246976
filter:5, level:3, strategy:1, size:246976
filter:5, level:3, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:3, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:3, strategy:4, size:259742
filter:5, level:4, strategy:0, size:245005
filter:5, level:4, strategy:1, size:244969
filter:5, level:4, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:4, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:4, strategy:4, size:258135
filter:5, level:5, strategy:0, size:245025
filter:5, level:5, strategy:1, size:244985
filter:5, level:5, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:5, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:5, strategy:4, size:258149
filter:5, level:6, strategy:0, size:245056
filter:5, level:6, strategy:1, size:245009
filter:5, level:6, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:6, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:6, strategy:4, size:258176
filter:5, level:7, strategy:0, size:245056
filter:5, level:7, strategy:1, size:245009
filter:5, level:7, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:7, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:7, strategy:4, size:258176
filter:5, level:8, strategy:0, size:244838
filter:5, level:8, strategy:1, size:244841
filter:5, level:8, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:8, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:8, strategy:4, size:258009
filter:5, level:9, strategy:0, size:244857
filter:5, level:9, strategy:1, size:244857
filter:5, level:9, strategy:2, size:331910
filter:5, level:9, strategy:3, size:246241
filter:5, level:9, strategy:4, size:258009

Obviously your numbers will be different, as your images are different, so you will have to see what works for your data - but hopefully this will be a starting point.

Note that if I sort the above by size, I get this:

filter:2, level:9, strategy:1, size:244127
filter:2, level:9, strategy:0, size:244156
filter:4, level:8, strategy:1, size:244251
filter:4, level:4, strategy:1, size:244258
filter:4, level:5, strategy:1, size:244260
filter:4, level:6, strategy:1, size:244262
filter:4, level:7, strategy:1, size:244262
filter:4, level:8, strategy:0, size:244283
filter:4, level:9, strategy:1, size:244285
filter:2, level:8, strategy:1, size:244319
filter:4, level:9, strategy:0, size:244321
filter:4, level:4, strategy:0, size:244333
filter:2, level:8, strategy:0, size:244341
filter:4, level:5, strategy:0, size:244341
filter:4, level:6, strategy:0, size:244350
filter:4, level:7, strategy:0, size:244350
filter:0, level:8, strategy:1, size:244408
filter:0, level:9, strategy:1, size:244408
filter:0, level:8, strategy:0, size:244442
filter:0, level:9, strategy:0, size:244442
filter:2, level:4, strategy:1, size:244677
filter:2, level:5, strategy:1, size:244699
filter:2, level:4, strategy:0, size:244701
filter:2, level:6, strategy:1, size:244704
filter:2, level:7, strategy:1, size:244704
filter:2, level:5, strategy:0, size:244723
filter:2, level:6, strategy:0, size:244729
filter:2, level:7, strategy:0, size:244729
filter:5, level:8, strategy:1, size:244813
filter:5, level:8, strategy:0, size:244822
filter:5, level:9, strategy:1, size:244840
filter:5, level:9, strategy:0, size:244853
filter:0, level:4, strategy:1, size:244860
filter:0, level:5, strategy:1, size:244885
filter:0, level:6, strategy:1, size:244885
filter:0, level:7, strategy:1, size:244885
filter:0, level:4, strategy:0, size:244897
filter:0, level:5, strategy:0, size:244922
filter:0, level:6, strategy:0, size:244922
filter:0, level:7, strategy:0, size:244922
filter:5, level:4, strategy:1, size:244940
filter:5, level:5, strategy:1, size:244956
filter:5, level:6, strategy:1, size:244980
filter:5, level:7, strategy:1, size:244980
filter:5, level:4, strategy:0, size:244982
filter:5, level:5, strategy:0, size:245000
filter:5, level:6, strategy:0, size:245030
filter:5, level:7, strategy:0, size:245030
filter:1, level:8, strategy:1, size:245243
filter:1, level:9, strategy:1, size:245245
filter:1, level:8, strategy:0, size:245267
filter:1, level:9, strategy:0, size:245270
filter:4, level:1, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:4, level:2, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:4, level:3, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:4, level:4, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:4, level:5, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:4, level:6, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:4, level:7, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:4, level:8, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:4, level:9, strategy:3, size:245307
filter:3, level:8, strategy:1, size:245460
filter:5, level:1, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:5, level:2, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:5, level:3, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:5, level:4, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:5, level:5, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:5, level:6, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:5, level:7, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:5, level:8, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:5, level:9, strategy:3, size:245469
filter:3, level:8, strategy:0, size:245487
filter:3, level:9, strategy:1, size:245493
filter:1, level:4, strategy:1, size:245503
filter:3, level:9, strategy:0, size:245521
filter:1, level:4, strategy:0, size:245529
filter:1, level:5, strategy:1, size:245533
filter:1, level:5, strategy:0, size:245559
filter:1, level:6, strategy:1, size:245584
filter:1, level:7, strategy:1, size:245584
filter:1, level:6, strategy:0, size:245606
filter:1, level:7, strategy:0, size:245606
filter:3, level:4, strategy:1, size:245663
filter:3, level:5, strategy:1, size:245668
filter:3, level:6, strategy:1, size:245669
filter:3, level:7, strategy:1, size:245669
filter:3, level:4, strategy:0, size:245696
filter:3, level:5, strategy:0, size:245700
filter:3, level:6, strategy:0, size:245701
filter:3, level:7, strategy:0, size:245701
filter:1, level:1, strategy:3, size:245704
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