In google spreadsheets, it is possible to add a hyperlink to a cell as:
=hyperlink("www.google.com", "search the web")
This will show the text search the web which will hyperlink to google. However, I am wondering:
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EDIT (2020-Aug-06): Google Sheets now supports this; see Aibol Kussain's answer.
Original answer:
As far as I can tell, Google Sheets [still] simply does not support what you are asking for. (I've looked around for it, too.)
See, e.g., https://docs.google.com/document/preview?hgd=1&id=1x_qjPL5rmSuQWW57KcwB9lg3eiykKpd8dMEaQUZbWU8, particularly where it says:
Please note: Like the other types of data and cell formatting, links in spreadsheets must be assigned to an entire cell, you cannot have just part of the text inside a cell be hyperlinked.
Also: