This Google Storage documentation page states that You can use a CNAME redirect only with HTTP, not with HTTPS.
But I cannot see any reason for that. Can anyone explain me why?
It is possible!
There could be many domains attached to one SSL certificate.
ASSUME travel-maps.example.com CNAME c.commondatastorage.googleapis.com.
When both domains are in the SSL cert list, your CNAME can redirect with HTTPS.
This is how CDN service provider such as Incapsula with works with HTTPS. They just create a "Multi-domain" SSL cert for you.
You may check a demo cert-info in this site. https://www.incapsula.com/
Any way, this kind of SSL cert is for business use in most case and are generally pretty expensive.