Adding space between columns in Bootstrap 4

Question

How I want it to look like:

I'm trying to add horizontal and vertical space between the columns in BS4 but it keeps either messing breakpoints around (black or red) or the breakpoints of bootstrap. Is there any easy way to add space? I've tried the new margin settings of BS4, but it didn't really help (messed up the heading and background-color). Also, the 2 horizontal columns should have the same height.

btw. If you run the snippet, the columns don't display correctly because of the size of the snippet output. That's what it should look like on non-mobile: screenshot (or expand the snippet)

* {
  color: white;
}

.black {
  background-color: black;
}

.red {
  background-color: red;
}

nav {
  background-color: antiquewhite;
  margin: 0px;
}

.row {}

.head {
  background-color: aqua;
}

<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" >
<nav class="navbar-static-top">
  Nav
</nav>
 <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row p-1">
            <div class="col black">
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col head">
                        HEADING 0 COLUMN
                    </div>
                </div>
                <p>aaaa<br>
                aaaa</p>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row row-eq-height p-1">
            <div class="col-md-6 black">
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col head">
                        HEADING 1 COLUMNS BLACK
                    </div>
                </div>bbbb<br>
                bbbb<br>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6 red">
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col head">
                        HEADING 2 CLOUMNS RED
                    </div>
                </div>cccc
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row p-1">
            <div class="col black">
                dddd
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row p-1">
            <div class="col black">
                eeee
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row row-eq-height p-1">
            <div class="col-md-6 black">
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col head">
                        HEADING 3 COLUMNS BLACK
                    </div>
                </div>ffff<br>
                ffff<br>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6 red">
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col head">
                        HEADING 4 CLOUMNS RED
                    </div>
                </div>hhhh
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

Answer 1

For spacing Bootstrap 4 has responsive spacing classes p-* (for padding) and m-* (for margins).

So, in your case, you could experiment by adding p-1 or maybe p-2 to all your columns to achieve the desired effect.

Note: The Bootstrap spacing classes are based on rem units, not on px because px is the old and outdated way of doing things when it comes to responsive design and accessibility.

Here's the reference link for you:

https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/utilities/spacing/

The following code snippet produces the desired result by using nesting as well as the m-1 class to create margins around the columns:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous">
    
<style>
    * {
        color: white;
    }

    .black {
        background-color: black;
    }

    .red {
        background-color: red;
    }

    nav {
        background-color: antiquewhite;
        margin: 0px;
    }
    .head {
        background-color: aqua;
    }
</style>

<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-12 col-md m-1">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col black">
                    <div class="row">
                        <div class="col head">
                            HEADING 0 COLUMN
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p>aaaa<br>
                        aaaa</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row row-eq-height">
        <div class="col-12 col-md m-1">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col black">
                    <div class="row">
                        <div class="col head">
                            HEADING 1 COLUMNS BLACK
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    bbbb<br>
                    bbbb<br>

                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-12 col-md m-1">
            <div class="row h-100">
                <div class="col red">
                    <div class="row">
                        <div class="col head">
                            HEADING 2 CLOUMNS RED
                        </div>
                    </div>cccc
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-12 col-md m-1">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col black">
                    dddd
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-12 col-md m-1">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col black">
                    eeee
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    <div class="row row-eq-height">
        <div class="col-12 col-md m-1">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col black">
                    <div class="row">
                        <div class="col head">
                            HEADING 3 COLUMNS BLACK
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    ffff<br>
                    ffff<br>

                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-12 col-md m-1">
            <div class="row h-100">
                <div class="col red">
                    <div class="row">
                        <div class="col head">
                            HEADING 4 CLOUMNS RED
                        </div>
                    </div>hhhh
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>