How to semantically tag poem text?

Question

What to use for poem?

• pre
• blockquote
• code
• something else?

Answer 1

Don't use code (unless computer code is part of the poem). Don't use blockquote (unless you quote a poem).

white space / line breaks: pre or br

You may use the pre element. The spec gives an (informative) example:

The following shows a contemporary poem that uses the pre element to preserve its unusual formatting, which forms an intrinsic part of the poem itself.

<pre>                maxling

it is with a          heart
               heavy

that i admit loss of a feline
        so           loved

a friend lost to the
        unknown
                                (night)

~cdr 11dec07</pre>

However, I'd only use the pre element if the poem contains "more" than just meaningful line breaks (e.g. in this example the horizontal whitespace is meaningful).

If you have a simple poem, I'd go with the br element:

br elements must be used only for line breaks that are actually part of the content, as in poems or addresses.

container: p

For most poems, the p element is the right candidate (or several p elements, of course). The spec has an (informative) example:

<p>There was once an example from Femley,<br>
Whose markup was of dubious quality.<br>
The validator complained,<br>
So the author was pained,<br>
To move the error from the markup to the rhyming.</p>

Also:

For instance, an address is also a paragraph, as is a part of a form, a byline, or a stanza in a poem.

structure: (article, figure)

Depending on the context (content, page structure, …), a sectioning element might be appropriate (article in most cases).

Also depending on the context, the figure element might be appropriate:

Here, a part of a poem is marked up using figure.

<figure>
 <p>'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves<br>
 Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;<br>
 All mimsy were the borogoves,<br>
 And the mome raths outgrabe.</p>
 <figcaption><cite>Jabberwocky</cite> (first verse). Lewis Carroll, 1832-98</figcaption>
</figure>

But don't use these in general for all poems, it really depends on the page if their use is correct.

misc. & trivia

• someone proposed a poetry element (→ Rejected)
• someone proposed a microformat for poems
• discussion in the w3.org wiki: Explicit Markup to Semantically Express Poetic Forms (thanks for the link, steveax)
  • see also: on the mailing list
• similar question on Webmasters SE: How to mark up a poem in HTML for SEO