Hibernate hbm2ddl.auto, possible values, and what they do

Question

I am looking at the Hibernate hbm2ddl.auto configuration property and its possible values:

• validate
• update
• create
• create-drop

What do all these values do?

The Hibernate Reference Documentation only talks briefly about create-drop, but doesn't say anything about the other values:

hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto

Automatically validates or exports schema DDL to the database when the SessionFactory is created. With create-drop, the database schema will be dropped when the SessionFactory is closed explicitly.

e.g. validate | update | create | create-drop

I found very useful explanations in these Stack Overflow questions:

• Hibernate hbm2ddl.auto possible values and what they do?
• Schema is not dropped on hbmddl.auto = create.drop

But still nothing in the official documentation.

Answer 1

For hbm2ddl.auto property the list of possible options is:

• validate: validate that the schema matches, make no changes to the schema of the database, you probably want this for production.
• update: update the schema to reflect the entities being persisted
• create: creates the schema necessary for your entities, destroying any previous data.
• create-drop: create the schema as in create above, but also drop the schema at the end of the session. This is great in early development or for testing.